Fear of espionage was rife on both sides before the battle. This certificate was issued by Adam Cokburne, to confirm that four men infiltrated the Jacobite camp in search of intelligence on the eve of Culloden. Payment was authorised by Robert Napier, Cumberland’s Adjutant-General and made by Sir Everard Fawkener, the Duke’s personal secretary.

Cumberland Papers, Royal Archives

Cat. 58