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1 of 253523 objects
Pen and ink with wash and discoloured white heightening, on light brown paper | 27.3 x 52.3 cm (sheet of paper) | RCIN 905030
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The mythological subject is taken from Ovid’s Metamorphoses (Book XI, 1-84). At upper right is the stoning of the musician Orpheus by frenzied Thracian women, the Maenads, who were then transformed into trees by the god Bacchus, seated at centre.
The drawing may be an unused study for a set of tapestries of the Metamorphoses, designed by Battista Dossi for Ercole d’Este, duke of Ferrara, the cartoons for which were painted 1544-45 by Dossi and assistants. A five-piece set was woven by Jan Karcher in Ferrara in 1545, referred to in documents as the Trasfigurazioni degli dei, four of which survive in part and in poor condition. Battista Dossi was subsequently paid for providing tapestry cartoons of unknown subjects in 1546 and 1547 (see T. Campbell, Tapestry in the Renaissance, New York 2002, p. 486).
The form of the women being transformed into trees is close to the caryatids in the Sala delle Cariatide of the Villa Imperiale, Pesaro, frescoed by Battista and his brother Dosso Dossi for Francesco Maria della Rovere, duke of Urbino, and his wife Eleonora Gonzaga, c.1530.
The drawing was catalogued by Popham (in P&W) as 'School of Giulio Romano'. The drawing is inscribed (most probably a signature) 'I BAPTISTA C F': Popham noted "it is tempting to suppose the signature to be that of Battista Dossi, but I cannot in that case explain the 'C' following 'BAPTISTA': the 'F' is presumably for 'FECIT'. The style of the drawing besides connects it rather with Mantua and the following of Giulio Romano that with Ferrara and the Dossi. I cannot find any mention of a pupil of Giulio Romano who would fit. A certain Giovanni Battista Giacorollo, who is thought to have been a pupil of Lorenzo Costa the younger, Giulio's pupil, seems too late, and we should also have to assume that he spelt his named Ciacorollo." [It might be noted that Thieme-Becker record an alias of the Dossi brothers as 'de Costantino', which might explain the C, but this name is not mentioned in the recent literature on Dosso Dossi.]
Popham went on to note "A drawing of Silenus seated at a table in the open air under a tree directing the gathering and pressing of grapes is by the same hand as the Windsor drawing and apparently en suite with it. I only know this drawing from an old photograph which I have seen in the Estense Gallery in Modena, but I presume the drawing itself is also in that collection." [This does not in fact seem to be the case.]Provenance
Apparently from an album listed in George III's Inventory A, p. 16, Diversi Maestri Antichi, Tom. I.
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Creator(s)
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Medium and techniques
Pen and ink with wash and discoloured white heightening, on light brown paper
Measurements
27.3 x 52.3 cm (sheet of paper)
Other number(s)
Alternative title(s)
Bacchus transforming the Maenads into trees