A short magazine Lee Enfield (SMLE) Mk III rifle; a bolt-action, magazine-fed repeating rifle, with long-range sights and the magazine cut off.

This rifle was carried during the First World War Arab Revolt against the Turks by T E Lawrence (1888-1935; "Lawrence of Arabia"), whose initials are carved on the stock with the date '4.12.16'. It was given to him by the Emir Faisal (1885-1933; later King of Iraq), to whom it had been presented by the Turks. The gold overlaid Turkish inscription records the fact that it was captured from the British at Gallipoli. The inscription on the butt disc indicates that the rifle was originally issued to the 1st Essex Regiment. The five notches cut in the stock denote kills by Lawrence with this rifle. The rifle was given by Lawrence to King George V.

During the First World War, British, Indian and Dominion troops participated in campaigns against Germany's ally, Turkey, on the Gallipoli peninsula as well as in Egypt, Palestine and Mesopotamia. Under T E Lawrence's direction guerrilla warfare was used to attack Turkish communications and supply routes.