Although undated, this miniature of Frederick V, King of Bohemia, can be linked to a group of miniatures, including one of his consort, Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia (420054) which were produced by Peter Oliver in 1621 at the outset of the couple's exile in The Hague after Frederick's loss of the throne of Bohemia. The numerous versions of this miniature in existence (420037 Royal Collection; Fizwilliam Museum, Cambridge, no. 3876; collection of the Duke of Buccleuch; the Mauritshuis, The Hague) testify to the importance which was attached by the King and Queen of Bohemia to the distribution of these miniatures to their scattered supporters. The sustained campaign to regain the throne of Bohemia waged by the couple proved fruitless and Frederick died in exile in the Netherlands in 1632. Peter Oliver was trained as a miniaturist by his father, Isaac Oliver, and became court limner to Charles I. After about 1630 he concentrated on producing 'Histories in Lymning', small-scale copies on vellum after Old Master paintings in Charles I's collection. In 1636, he was awarded a pension of £200 for the production of such limnings, although the pension was disrupted by the onset of the Civil War. Signed on the right 'PO' (monogram) surrounded by three dots.