Princess Sophia Matilda (1773-1844) was the niece of George III, daughter of his brother Prince William Henry, duke of Gloucester and Maria, countess dowager of Waldegrave. Sophia never married nor had any children. She lived at New Lodge in Winkfield, near Windsor. She died on 29 November 1844 and is buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor.

The identity of the artist is unknown, but it may have been painted by a Swiss artist as Princess Sophia was living in Switzerland with her parents at around the age of 10, possibly the time of this portrait.

The miniature is set in its original locket with a plait of light brown hair at the back.