In 1826 George IV commissioned the Scottish sculptor Thomas Campbell to make two reproductions of the commemorative busts of Pope Pius VII and Cardinal Ercole Consalvi which had been made in 1824 in Rome by the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen. The busts were received in July 1829 at Windsor Castle, where George IV had built the large Waterloo Chamber to commemorate Britain’s victory over Napoleon. Like George IV, Pope Pius VII, who reigned from 1800 until his death in 1823, and his long-term Secretary of State, Cardinal Consalvi, had been long-term adversaries of Napoleon, and throughout the conflict they had stood in support of the restoration of the monarchy and the ‘Divine Right of Kings’. Pope Pius VII is shown looking straight ahead, wearing a fur trimmed cape buttoned to the neck and a skull cap.