Having begun his naval career as a midshipman in Captain Cook's second and third voyages (1772-1778), in 1791 George Vancouver was commissioned by the Admiralty to travel to the Pacific north-west coast of Canada to negotiate a solution to the escalating trade conflict between Britain and Spain in the Nootka Sound and to further and explore the coastline of the region.

In April 1791, Vancouver, commanding the sloop HMS Discovery, set sail from Britain under the escort of the gunship HMS Chatham. Following brief stops in Tenerife, Cape Town and Australia, the ships arrived in the Pacific Northwest in June 1792 and Vancouver began to survey the rugged coast of the Straits of Georgia. Landing at the site of the present-day city of Vancouver on 13 June, the expedition encountered a welcoming Coast Salish community, who fed and accompanied them while they spent the night ashore. The voyage later circumnavigated and surveyed the island now known as Vancouver Island before returning to Britain in 1795.

The extensive account of the voyage was edited by Vancouver's brother, John, and published in three volumes in 1798. Though not as gripping as earlier travel accounts, tending to focus on surveys and nautical charts, Vancouver's surveys were nevertheless important in establishing British dominance in the region into the nineteenth century.